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Focus Areas: Bioinspired Structures, Smart materials, Self-assembly of Nanoparticles; Coffee ring effect; Interfacial Phenomenon; Inkjet printing; Flexible electrodes; Microfluidics; Droplet impact; Flow visualization technique; Rheology of biological suspension.

Flow visualisation technique
Flow visualization technique so called PIV is a powerful measurement technique that enables the determination of planar velocity fields. PIV can be used for qualitative flow visualization as well as for quantitative analysis of the velocity field. This technique is based on the visualization of small tracer particles that in most cases need to be added to the flow. Recently, we developed the 2D PIV model to explore the internal flow motion structure and particle transport of the evaporating droplet on the substrate.  Other research work such as inertia microfluidics, multiphase flow, dynamics of droplet impact, heat and mass transfer, Rheology of biological suspension, etc

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Dynamics of Particles in Evaporating Sessile Droplet
The objective is to understand the fluid flow pattern, interfacial phenomenon, and the role of the stick-slip condition of the contact line on particle deposition of an evaporating sessile droplet through experimental measurement. The presented characterization results provide not only valuable mechanistic insights but also practical guidelines for inkjet printing-based particle applications. 

Development of low-cost printing technique
Droplet splashing is a phenomenon that occurs when a liquid droplet impacts a solid surface and spreads or fragments into smaller droplets. This process has significant implications for heat transfer in various industries and applications. Spray cooling, a technique that utilizes droplet splashing, is widely employed in industries such as nuclear power and electronics to efficiently dissipate heat from critical components. Understanding the dynamics and factors influencing droplet splashing is essential for optimizing heat transfer processes and designing efficient cooling systems.

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Droplet impact
Droplet splashing is a phenomenon that occurs when a liquid droplet impacts a solid surface and spreads or fragments into smaller droplets. This process has significant implications for heat transfer in various industries and applications. Spray cooling, a technique that utilizes droplet splashing, is widely employed in industries such as nuclear power and electronics to efficiently dissipate heat from critical components. Understanding the dynamics and factors influencing droplet splashing is essential for optimizing heat transfer processes and designing efficient cooling systems.

4. Color from structures
The proposed research is to understand the basic underlying mechanism of color exhibits from nanostructure of the self-assembly of nanoparticles.

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